
Her cremated remains were buried in a Clearwater
cemetery more than two years ago. But even in death, just as
in life, Terri
Schiavo’s polarizing case—and the end-of-life
issues it raised—has endured.
Meanwhile, it’s been almost six years since Enron, once
the world’s seventh-largest company, crumpled into bankruptcy
proceedings after years of accounting tricks and cooking the
books. But the debate over corporate fraud still lingers.
They are cases that seem worlds apart; yet,
they are linked by a commonality that permeates almost everything
we do.
“Just read the headlines of any major newspaper,” says Anita Cava,
codirector of the University of Miami Ethics Programs and associate professor
of business law in the School of Business Administration. “You’ll
find ethical issues everywhere.”
Indeed they are, and not just in high-profile
stories such as Enron or Terri Schiavo (on which Ethics Programs
codirector Ken Goodman and other
UM faculty
served as expert sources). We labor perpetually over a seemingly endless
set of challenges: Should there be a limit on compensation for CEOs?
Should there
be restrictions on freedom of the press or on the Web? Is it ever ethical
to breach patient confidentiality? Stem cell research—do the ends justify
the means?
“I had been writing about ethical issues since the late 1980s,” says
Cava,
who focused at that time on intellectual property and employment issues. “Ken
Goodman, an expert in bioethics and information technology, came to Miami in
1991, so it was natural that we got together to share ideas. There was a clear
need for a campus-wide ethics program, and we’ve worked very hard to bring
together expertise to meet that need.”

“A solid ethics program is truly interdisciplinary,” says Goodman,
associate
professor of medicine and philosophy. “Anyone who isn’t concerned
about ethics and values and with how society addresses different policy issues
just hasn’t been paying attention.”
The UM Ethics Programs has been paying attention.
Over the years it has evolved into a suite of University-wide,
interdisciplinary
initiatives
that generate
an extraordinary range of classes, conferences, research projects,
and
seminars. It consistently earns widespread publicity in the national
media, and recently
it received a major grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
to oversee an expert team that will provide guidance on how to
ensure the privacy
of electronic patient health records.
The Ethics Programs collaborates with many other
organizations, including the CITI program in human subjects
protection and the
responsible
conduct of research,
the Journal of Philosophy, Science and Law, the Miller School
of Medicine’s
Jay Weiss Center for Social Medicine and Health Equity, and the Pan American
Health Organization. One of the most successful long-term collaborations is the
Clinical Ethics: Debates, Decisions, Solutions conference, sponsored by the Bioethics
Program (a subset of the UM Ethics Programs) and the Florida Bioethics Network.
The 15th annual conference this April drew more than 300 people to analyze such
topics as “Ethical Issues in Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Response,” “Ethics
and Error: Managing Patient Safety,” and “Pediatric Ethics: From
Infants to Teenagers.”
“We have cast a wide net to engage students and faculty in robust conversations
about issues that matter,” Cava says about the growth of the University’s
ethics initiatives.
Goodman attributes growth to top-level administrative
support. “From the
president to the provost to the deans, we have enjoyed a level of encouragement
that is truly enviable.”
Support extends beyond the administration. One
example: Adrienne Arsht, community leader and chairman of the
board of TotalBank,
contributed $1 million to
the UM Ethics Programs last year. The gift initiated the
Arsht Ethics Debates program;
launched a distinguished speaker series; and established
the Arsht Ethics and Community Research Grants, which will
be awarded
annually
to up to
five faculty-student
teams. A University-wide Ethics Advisory Board has been established
to referee research project proposals.
Ethics programming now permeates nearly every
aspect of University life, and the key issues reflect what’s happening in the global sphere. This year
at Sports Fest, an annual spring competition among the University’s residential
colleges, a first-ever ethics component had students tugging at sports-related
questions such as, “Should Mark McGwire be denied admission to the Hall
of Fame even though there is no proof that he took steroids?”
“In the age of Enron, we now have a Business Ethics program. In an era
of stem cell research and complications with end-of-life care, we have a Bioethics
Program.
In an era in which people are interested in environmental ethics and international
ethics, we’ve managed to identify resources to ensure that UM is at the
table,” Goodman says.
Ethics is also a topic to which students are
devoting their extracurricular time. Cava and Goodman are faculty
advisors
for the UM Ethics
Society, a student club
established 13 years ago. A more recent component of the
club is the Ethics Society debate team, established three
years
ago and
supported by gifts
from Karl Schulze,
the UM Citizens Board, and Adrienne Arsht. Competing for
the first time ever, the team emerged victorious from the
13th
National Championship
Intercollegiate Ethics Bowl.
The competition was fierce: 32 schools from
across the United States, including the Naval Academy, West
Point, the University
of Southern
California, the
University of North Carolina, and Williams College. The preparation
had been intense:
endless hours learning how to present a powerful case on
any side of any issue, such
as: Should parents be allowed to use GPS and cellular phone
tracking devices to monitor their children’s movements? Should a deaf couple be permitted
to adopt a deaf child?
Joshua Morales, a senior business law major
and member of Miami’s victorious
team, explains his team’s winning edge. “The other teams had top-notch
debaters, but we worked incredibly hard on the substance, and we also debated
with style and flair. We took the room in our hands and compelled the audience
to listen.”
Civic engagement is another important branch
of applied ethics. Cava designed a summer program that gives
grants to four
M.B.A. students
to provide public
service to a nonprofit organization. Jason Madden, M.B.A. ’07, spent the
summer of 2006 developing a Web site and consulting on financial and marketing
issues for Sant La, a Haitian neighborhood center in Miami. “I was able
to create my own project and apply my business background to a real situation,” Madden
notes. “My work really made a difference.”
Above all, ethics requires critical thinking. “We’re trying to help
students reason through issues and make good decisions that will withstand scrutiny,” Cava
says. “Personal reputation matters. It’s more important to make the
right decision than to worry about keeping this job or that friend.”
“By the same token, we’re not out flogging evildoers or waving our
arms
in celebration of virtuous behavior,” Goodman says, identifying those behaviors
as shallow. “Rather, we’re teaching people how to think critically
about difficult contemporary and traditional challenges, which is precisely what
a great university is all about.”
Good Lawyers Have Great Ethical Judgment
The beauty of the UM Ethics Programs is its
interdisciplinary nature as well as its beyond-campus reach.
The same is true
of the UM School of Law Center for Ethics and Public Service.
Founded in 1996 and directed by UM law professor Anthony
Alfieri, the center encompasses six in-house clinics and
educational programs that offer pro bono legal representation
to low-income communities in the fields of children’s
rights, public health entitlements, and nonprofit economic
development.
The center’s core mission is to train “citizen
lawyers,” which Alfieri describes as lawyers who remain
true to ethical judgment and civic professionalism. Through
partnerships throughout the University, the center involves
undergraduate as well as law students. It is also one of
the few centers that provide Continuing Legal Education (CLE)
credits
in ethics to both nonprofit and
for-profit entities.
“Good lawyers have great ethical judgment,
not only in litigation and legal transactions but also in terms
of a higher law tradition,” Alfieri
says. “From philanthropy to government to international
tribunals like Nuremberg, lawyers were key players in American
history. Citizen lawyers go beyond serving an individual
client to serving a community and a country. We want to convey
that
you can do well and do good at the same time.”
David Treadwell is a freelance
writer in Miami, Florida. |